British nuclear weapons tests in and around Australia
Essais d'armes nucléaires britanniques dans et autour de
l'Australie:
Pruebas británicas de armas nucleares en y alrededor de
Australia.
Britische Atomwaffentests in und um Australien.
Britiske atomvåbenforsøg i og omkring Australien
under den kolde krig foregik ved Emu
Field, Maralinga, Montebelloøerne og Woomera i Australien samt ved
Juleøen i Stillehavet.
Efter de britiske atomvåbenforsøg i Australien
standsede i begyndelsen af 1960'erne, forsatte de i USA.
Between 1952 and 1958 the UK conducted a total of 21
atmospheric nuclear tests in Australia and at islands in the
Pacific Ocean. In addition, a number of minor trials were also
conducted in Australia between 1953 and 1963. UK personnel also
participated in US nuclear weapons tests based at Christmas Island
in 1962. Over 20,000 UK service personnel and civilian scientists
were involved in the tests.
British nuclear tests in and around Australia during the Cold
War took place at Emu Field, Maralinga, Montebello Islands and
Woomera in Australia and at Christmas Island in the Pacific.
After the British nuclear weapon tests in Australia stopped in the
early 1960s, they continued in the United States.
According to The National Museum of Australia, 'The proposal to
use the Australian desert to test British nuclear weapons became
public in 1946-47. President of the South Australian Aborigines
Advancement League, Charles Duguid, and anthropologist Donald
Thomson led a protest movement against the use of tribal land for
these purposes.'
Australian National Library: Nuclear Weapons Tests.
- http://trove.nla.gov.au/list?id=20362
Britain, Australia and the Bomb: the Nuclear Tests and Their
Aftermath.
/ : Lorna Arnold and Mark Smith. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan,
2006.
Grappling with the bomb : Britain’s Pacific H-bomb tests.
/ : Nicholas Maclellan. ANU Press, 2017.
McClelland Royal Commission: The Report of the Royal
Commission into British Nuclear Tests in Australia, I-II.
- Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1985. - xxi,
615 s. Delvist online.
Residual Radioactive Contamination of the Monte Bello
Islands from Nuclear Weapons Tests Conducted in 1952 and 1956.
/ : M. B. Cooper ; B. M. Hartley. Australian Radiation Laboratory,
1979.
-
http://www.iaea.org/inis/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/11/543/11543646.pdf
Distributions of long-lived radionuclides remaining from nuclear
weapons trials conducted at the Monte Cello Islands in 1952 and
1956 are presented. These data are derived from e field survey
carried out in 197B and augmented with eerlier deta from a survey
in 1972. Significent radiation levels srising from neutron
eotivation of soil constituents at the time of detonetion ere
confined to the immediate environs of the ground zeros on Alphs end
Trimouille Islands. These levels still exceed maximum recommended
dose limits for continuous occupancy.
Surprise down under: the secret history of australia's
nuclear ambitions.
/ : Jim Walsh. The Nonproliferation Review/Fall 1997. -
https://www.nonproliferation.org/wp-content/uploads/npr/walsh51.pdf
US Bases in
Australia: the social and environmental risks./ : Kim
Stewart, Robin Taubenfeld.
Friends of the Earth Australia ; the Independent and Peaceful
Australian Network, [2013].
The report “US Bases in Australia: the social and
environmental risks” lists the numerous locations that the US
military will increasingly use on Australian soil.