barium

Græsk: Det 56. grundstof i det periodiske system.
Atomulykker frigiver store mængder af strontium-90 og noget cæsium-137 (som henfalder til en ikke radioaktiv form af barium) i miljøet. Barium og strontium er kendt for at være vigtige komponenter i kemikaliespor (sammen med aluminium). Rammes et atom af uran-235 skaber neutronen i første omgang uran-236. Dette er en meget ustabil isotop og henfalder hurtigt ved spaltning i lettere atomer og partikler. Dette kaldes induceret fission. Der er mange forskellige "kanaler", hvorigennem uran-235 kan henfalde, dvs der er mange forskellige partikler som følge af nedbrydning eksempelvis barium, krypton og neutroner.
Miljøforurening
/ Contamination, environmental pollution
beryllium ; cerium ; cæsium ; jod ; krypton ; lanthanum ; molybdæn ; neptunium ; niobium ; plutonium ; polonium ; radioaktivitet ; ruthenium ; strontium-90 ; tellur ; tritium ; uran ; xenon ; zirkonium.
Se også: Atomfysik.
Se tillige: US Radiation Warfare Program - radioactive barium-lanthanum (RaLa) implosion experiments Sept. 1944-March 1962.

Litteratur

GAO: Nuclear Health and Safety : Examples of Post World War II Radiation Releases at US Nuclear Sites, 1993.
- http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/radiation/dir/mstreet/commeet/meet8/brief8/tab_h/br8h6b.txt
King, Donna C.: Testing for cesium and barium in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Neurotoxicology Vol. 29, Issue 4, (July, 2008) p. 751.
'This ALS patient had several known exposures to cesium and barium throughout her lifetime. In utero, she lived downwind from the first atomic bomb test in 1945. As a child, she lived on military bases where barium is sprayed over flight paths and found in jet fuel. In 1971, she swam in the Savannah River when 137Cs was discharged into surface waters. For twenty years, she lived in a county with high 137Cs accumulation due to global fallout (Anspaugh LR, 2000). She also received a diagnostic barium X-ray in her fifties because of chronic constipation.'
- http://www.als.net/forum/Default.aspx?g=posts&t=44771&p=1
Anspaugh LR. Radiation dose to the population on the continental United States from the ingestion of food contaminated with radionuclides from high-yield weapons tests conducted in US, UK, and USSR between 1952 and 1963. National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Report on the Feasibility of a Study of the Health Consequences to the American Population from Nuclear Weapons Tests Conducted by the US and Other Nations. 2000;H:29. www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/fallout/
Report on the Health Consequences to the American Population from Nuclear Weapons Tests Conducted by the United States and Other Nations. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention & the National Cancer Institute, 2001.


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