Litteratur |
CHEM Study, College of Chemistry, U.C. Berkeley: Transuranium
Elements (1963).
- http://www.archive.org/details/transuranium_elements
'This film, produced in the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory of the
University of California, Berkeley, features four scientists who
were principals in the discovery and identification of several of
the transuranium elements. Glenn Seaborg reviews the historical
problem of the placement of the transuranium elements in the
periodic table. Burris Cunningham performs experiments showing that
neptunium, plutonium, and americium have chemical properties
similar to those of uranium, but that under the same experimental
conditions curium behaves like its rare-earth homolog, gadolinium.
Stanley Thompson demonstrates how the ion-exchange separation
technique is used in identification, using actual solutions of
curium, berkelium, californium and einsteinium. Albert Ghiorso
discusses the methods used in the synthesis of elements 102 and
103, and proposes a similar type of reaction which may lead to the
discovery of element 104.'
Congo Uranium and the Tragedy
of Hiroshima / Mads Fleckner and John Avery
Tournier, BB, S Frelon, E Tourlonias, L Agez, O Delissen, I
Dublineau, F Paquet, and F Petitot. 2009. Role of the olfactory
receptor neurons in the direct transport of inhaled uranium to the
rat brain.
Toxicology Letters doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.05.022.
GAO: The Department of Energy: Enhanced Transparency Could
Clarify Costs, Market Impact,
Risk, and Legal Authority to Conduct Future Uranium
Transactions, 2014.
- http://www.gao.gov/assets/670/663087.pdf
'The Department of Energy (DOE) undertook four uranium transactions
involving USEC Inc. (USEC) in 2012 and 2013. These transactions
served to provide the company with operating cash. According to
DOE, the department benefited from these transactions in two ways:
(1) by ensuring availability of domestic low-enriched uranium (LEU)
for the production of tritium, a key radioactive isotope used to
enhance the power of nuclear weapons, and (2) by supporting
USEC’s development of next generation enrichment technology.
Three of the four transactions involved transferring ownership of
depleted uranium tails (tails), a product of the enrichment
process. Tails are generally considered to be an environmental
liability, but can have value as an asset when uranium market
conditions make tails re-enrichment economical in lieu of enriching
natural uranium. In two transactions, DOE accepted ownership of
tails, along with liability for disposal costs, in exchange for
other benefits. In another transaction, DOE transferred ownership
of tails to a third party to be re-enriched by USEC. The fourth
transaction involved the transfer of uranium material other than
tails.
GAO identified legal concerns with all four of DOE’s uranium
transactions. For the largest transaction—DOE’s
transfer of tails to a third party for re-enrichment—GAO
believes that DOE likely did not have authority to transfer tails
under restrictions imposed by the USEC Privatization Act. DOE
disagreed, citing its authority to conduct this transaction under
the Atomic Energy Act. Even if DOE had such authority, GAO found
that it did not meet the Act’s requirement to charge a price
for the tails because it transferred them without charging any
price at all. In another transaction, DOE transferred ownership of
uranium material that it previously obtained to meet national
security needs, without obtaining a presidential determination that
the uranium material was no longer necessary for national security
needs, as GAO found is required by the USEC Privatization Act.'
Transuranic elements in the environment : a summary of
environmental research on transuranium radionuclides funded by the
U.S. Department of Energy through calendar year 1979. United
States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Health and Environmental
Research; Hanson, Wayne C. - [Oak Ridge, TN] : Technical
Information Center/U.S. Dept. of Energy ; Springfield, Va. 1980. -
764 s.
Global Fissile Material Report 2015 : Nuclear Weapon and
Fissile Material Stockpiles and Production. / : International Panel
on Fissile Materials, 2015.
The global stockpile of HEU at the end of 2014 was about 1370
± 125 tons, enough for more than 76,000 simple, first
generation fission implosion weapons. About 99 percent of this
material is held by the nuclear weapon states, mostly by Russia and
the United States. The large uncertainty in the HEU estimate is due
to a lack of official information about Russia’s historical
production of HEU. The uncertainty in the size of the Russian HEU
stockpile is larger than the total HEU stocks held by all other
states except for the United States.
United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service,
National Register of Historic Places: Guide to Assessing Historic
Radium, Uranium, and Vanadium Mining Resources in Montrose and San
Miguel Counties, Colorado and Name of Multiple Property
Listing Guide to Assessing Historic Mining Resources. Part
I+II, 2008. - 136+121 s.
- http://www.blm.gov/co/st/en/fo/ufo/cultural_resources.html
World Distribution of Uranium Deposits (UDEPO) with Uranium
Deposit Classification 2009 Edition.
- Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency, International
Centre, 2009. - 126 pp.
- http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/TE_1629_web.pdf
World Nuclear Association: Uranium in Africa, 2010. - 5
s.
- http://www.vaec.gov.vn/userfiles/file/Uranium_in_Africa_12_09.pdf