Græsk:
Elektrisk energi, herunder
atomkraft, elektromagnetisk stråling og varme.
Energiproduktion er afhængig af vejret og
råstoftilførsler.
Ved al produktion skabes der eller forbruges der energi.
Økonomisk vækst fører til stigende
energiforbrug.
Det internationale energiagentur er oprettet i 1974.
Bekendtgørelse af lov om fremme af vedvarende energi,
2018.
§ 5. I denne lov forstås ved følgende:
1) Biogas: Gas, der dannes ved biologisk nedbrydning af biologisk
materiale under iltfrie forhold.
2) Biomasse: Materiale, som defineres som biomasseaffald i
medfør af lov om miljøbeskyttelse.
3) Elværksfinansieret anlæg:
VE-elproduktionsanlæg, som er opført eller ombygget
som følge af pålæg efter § 13 i lov nr. 54
af 25. februar 1976 om elforsyning som affattet ved lov nr. 486 af
12. juni 1996 eller efter særlig aftale med energi-,
forsynings- og klimaministeren, bortset fra anlæg, der helt
eller delvis anvendes til afbrænding af affald.
4) Nettilslutningstidspunkt: Det tidspunkt, hvor et
VE-elproduktionsanlæg første gang leverer elektricitet
til det kollektive elforsyningsnet.
5) Produktion i fuldlasttime: Elproduktion svarende til
produktionen i en time med vindmøllens installerede
effekt.
6) Projektets påbegyndelse: Enten påbegyndelse af
arbejdet på investeringsprojektet eller det første
bindende tilsagn om køb af udstyr eller indgåelse af
andre forpligtelser, som gør investeringen irreversibel, alt
efter hvad der indtræder først, jf. dog regler fastsat
efter § 35 e, stk. 4.
7) VE-elektricitet: Elektricitet, der fremstilles ved anvendelse af
vedvarende energikilder.
Stk. 2. Loven anvender herudover samme definitioner som i lov om
elforsyning.
2015 BP Statistical Review of World Energy
-
http://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/about-bp/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world-energy.html
2010 Survey of Energy Resources / : World Energy
Council. London. 2010. - 618 s.
- http://www.worldenergy.org/documents/ser_2010_report_1.pdf
1. Coal 1
2. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Liquids 41
3. Oil Shale 93
4. Natural Bitumen and Extra-Heavy Oil 123
5. Natural Gas 151
6. Part I: Uranium 202
6. Part II: Nuclear 243
7. Hydropower 287
8. Peat 337
9. Bioenergy 359
10. Solar Energy 408
11. Geothermal Energy 453
12. Wind Energy 500
13. Tidal Energy 543
14. Wave Energy 562 Avery, John Scales: The Urgent
Need for Renewable Energy.
In: Eruditio - Journal of the World Academy of Art and
Science. Issue 5 Part 2. September 16, 2014.
-
http://eruditio.worldacademy.org/issue-5/article/urgent-need-renewable-energy
'The transition to 100% renewable energy must take place within
about a century because fossil fuels will become too rare and
expensive to burn. But scientists warn that if the transition does
not happen much faster than that, there is a danger that we may
reach a tipping point beyond which feedback loops could take over
and produce a catastrophic increase in global temperature.'
/ 'Overgangen til 100% vedvarende energi skal ske inden for omkring
et århundrede, fordi fossile brændsler bliver alt for
sjældent og dyrt at brænde. Men forskerne advarer om,
at hvis overgangen ikke sker meget hurtigere end det, er der en
fare for, at vi kan nå et vendepunkt fra hvilket
tilbagekoblingssløjfer kunne overtage og producere en
katastrofal stigning i den globale temperatur.' Beretning til Statsrevisorerne om tilskud til forskning,
udvikling og demonstration på energiområdet. / :
Rigsrevisionen, 2013. Dirty Energy Dominance: Dependent on Denial – How the
U.S. Fossil Fuel Industry Depends on Subsidies and Climate Denial.
Oil Change International, 2017. CRS: Renewable Energy R&D
Funding History: A Comparison with Funding for Nuclear
Energy, Fossil Energy, and Energy Efficiency R&D. / : Fred
Sissine. 2014. CRS: Renewable Energy R&D Funding History: A Comparison with
Funding for Nuclear Energy, Fossil Energy, Energy Efficiency, and
Electric Systems R&D. / : Corrie E. Clark, 2018.
Energy-related research and development (R&D)—on
coal-based synthetic petroleum and on atomic bombs—played an
important role in the successful outcome of World War II. In the
post-war era, the federal government conducted R&D on fossil
and nuclear energy sources to support peacetime economic growth.
The energy crises of the 1970s spurred the government to broaden
the focus to include renewable energy and energy efficiency. Over
the 41-year period from the Department of Energy’s
(DOE’s) inception at the beginning of fiscal year (FY) 1978
through FY2018, federal funding for renewable energy R&D
amounted to about 18% of the energy R&D total, compared with 6%
for electric systems, 16% for energy efficiency, 24% for fossil,
and 37% for nuclear. For the 71-year period from 1948 through 2018,
nearly 13% went to renewables, compared with nearly 5% for electric
systems, 11% for energy efficiency, 24% for fossil, and 48% for
nuclear. De fossile energiaktier udgør en boble, der venter
på at briste: Når investorer og aktionærer
opdager, at 80 pct. af de kendte reserver af kul, olie og gas ikke
kan brændes af uden at udløse klimakatastrofer, vil
værdien af den fossile industris aktier styrtdykke. / :
Jørgen Steen Nielsen. Lagt på information.dk 4.
november 2012. Bragt i den trykte udgave 5. november 2012 på
side 4 i 1. sektion. Heeger, Troels: Tysk energiforsyning tilbage til kommunerne
efter privatisering. I: Information, 01/27/2014. International Energy Agency: Oil Market Report, 2011 -
http://omrpublic.iea.org/currentissues/full.pdf Leder: For godt til at være sandt. I:
Information, 26. august 2015.
Om store vandkraftværker i Sydøstasien. Leder: Spar på energien, også den grønne.
I: Information, 19 april 2018,
Aktuel dansk energipolitik. Unburnable Carbon / Ikke brændbart kulstof – Are the
world’s financial markets carrying a carbon bubble?
/ The Carbon Tracker initiative, 2012. - 36 s. Pensonskunder stemmer ja til at droppe invisteringer i kul:
Tirsdag aften vedtog et flertal på Arkitekternes
Pensionskasses generalforsamling et forslag om at afvikle
invisteringer i kul og særligt risikable olie- og
gasprojekter. / : Lasse Skou Andersen ; Jesper Løvenbalk
Hansen. I: Information, 04/16/2015. Unburnable Carbon : Rational investment for sustainability.
/ Victoria Johnson.
nef (the new economics foundation). 2012. - 46 s.
- http://www.neweconomics.org/publications/unburnable-carbon World Bank (2008) A citizen’s guide to national oil
companies, part A: technical report, and part B: data
directory.
World Bank, Washington, & Center for Energy Economics, Bureau
of Economic Geology, University of Texas, Austin.
-
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTOGMC/Resources/NOC_Guide_A_Technical_Report.pdf
-
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTOGMC/Resources/NOC_Guide_B_Data_Directory.pdf
'This Citizen’s Guide to National Oil Companies presents the
results of a survey intended to provide input for the selection of
a sample of representative national oil companies to be fully
analyzed within the Study on National Oil Companies and Value
Creation (launched in March 2008) by the Oil, Gas, and Mining
Policy Division of The World Bank.'
'New Study on 49 National Oil Companies by the World Bank and
UT-CEE. Dec. 18, 2008
AUSTIN, Texas — Energy analysts at The University of Texas at
Austin's Center for Energy Economics (CEE) and the World Bank have
completed the first comprehensive database of 49 National Oil
Companies (NOCs), titled "A Citizen's Guide to National Oil
Companies." The database is complemented by a technical report
containing a preliminary analysis and possible interpretation of
the data on 49 NOCs and their home countries. NOCs control a
majority of worldwide petroleum reserves, produce a majority of the
world's crude oil and own much of the world's oil and gas
infrastructure. The way they are managed can have a large impact on
the global energy supply. At the domestic level, critics have
complained that developing countries with NOCs often miss out on
their potential to strengthen economies and improve the quality of
human life.'