bjerg

Latin: Der findes tilsyneladende ingen intrnationalt anerkendte definitioner på bjerge som er større forhøjninger eller kuperet højlandområder i en planet eller i en månes overflade.
Bjerge kan være enkeltstående eller som hovedregel en del af en bjergkæde.
Bjerge dannes af tektoniske kræfter eller vulkansk aktivitet. Disse kræfter kan lokalt hæve jordens overflade.
Bjerge eroderer langsomt ved floder, vejrforhold, og gletscheres virkninger.
FN miljøprogram definition af "bjergrige omgivelser" omfatter følgende:
Højde på mindst 2.500 m;
Højde på mindst 1.500 m, med en hældning på mere end 2 grader;
Højde på mindst 1.000 m, med en hældning på mere end 5 grader;
Ved anvendelse af disse definitioner, dækker bjerge 33% af Eurasien, 19% af Sydamerika, 24% af Nordamerika, og 14% af Afrika.
Som helhed er 24% af jordens landmasse bjergrigt.
På jorden findes der bjerge både på land og til havs - også under vandets overflade.
Se også: Forhistorisk bjergkunst / Rock Art ; Geologi ; landbrug ; Petrologi ; skovbrug ; sten ; stenbrud ; turisme.

Litteratur

Africa Mountains Atlas. 2014, United Nations Environment Programme.
- http://na.unep.net/siouxfalls/publications/Africa_Mountains_Atlas.pdf
CRS: Mountaintop Mining: Background on Current Controversies. / : Claudia Copeland. 2015.
Highlands and Drylands – mountains, a source of resilience in arid regions.
2011 FAO, UNCCD, Mountain Partnership, Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, and CDE, with the support of an international group of experts. Rome.
- http://www.fao.org/docrep/014/i2248e/i2248e00.pdf
'Dryland mountains are among the least-known environments in the world, and certainly one of the most overlooked by decision- and policy-makers.
Dryland mountains have an outstanding strategic value. They act as water towers for surrounding dry lowland areas, as shown by the examples of the Rocky Mountains of North America, the Central Andes, the mountains of the Mediterranean Basin, the Sahara and Sub-Saharan Africa, West Asia, and Central Asia.
Drylands are home to more than 2 billion people – about 35% of the human population on Earth – and have some of the highest levels of poverty (47%). Although dryland mountains are often sparsely populated – with 296 million inhabitants globally – millions of people living in lowland areas depend on the water and other environmental services generated within these mountains. Global changes in these mountains will not only affect mountain dwellers, but also the livelihoods and welfare of a considerable portion of humanity.
Kohler, T., Wehrli, A. & Jurek, M., eds. 2014. Mountains and climate change: A global concern.
Sustainable Mountain Development Series. Bern, Switzerland, Centre for Development and Environment (CDE), Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) and Geographica Bernensia.
- https://www.cde.unibe.ch/News%20Files/LOW_Fullversion_Mountain_Climate%20Change_english.pdf
'The world’s mountains are home to about 800 million people. They serve as water towers for billions and provide ecosystem services for the entire globe. Climate change will affect the world’s mountain regions and may jeopardize the important services provided by mountains. This could include impacts on drinking water supplies, hydropower generation, agricultural suitability and risks of natural hazards. Climate change may produce intensified extreme weather events such as heat waves, drought, and heavy precipitation leading to flooding and landslides in mountains and to extensive flooding in surrounding lowlands.
Mountain regions display large climate gradients within small spatial scales, and host a diversity of microclimates and macroclimates. This is due to their altitudinal extent, topography, and their effects on atmospheric flow. For instance, differences in solar insolation between mountains and forelands produce characteristic wind systems. The overflow over topography can trigger convection and precipitation.'
Orbis Latinus
- http://olo.rigeo.net/
'Orbis Latinus Online (OLO) is based on the three-part print publication of Orbus Latinus from 1972.'
Orbis latinus; oder, Verzeichniss der lateinischen benennungen der bekanntesten städte etc., Meere, Seen, Berge und Glüsse in allen Theilen der Erde, nebst einem deutsch-lateinischen Register derselben. Ein Supplement zu jedem lateinischen und geographischen Wörterbuche . / : Johann Georg Theodor Grässe.
- Dresden, G. Schönfeld [etc., etc.], 1861 ; 1909 ; 1972 .
- https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_pTgLAAAAQAAJ
- https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_oJt-AAAAMAAJ


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